Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40604067›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Selected strains of the Ganoderma lucidum complex from Finnish forests have excellent broadly acting antiviral properties.

Dhanik Reshamwala, Sailee Shroff, Jaana Liimatainen, Jenni Tienaho, Ilari Kuukkanen, Mira Laajala, Andrea Civra, Rachele Francese, Pyry Veteli, Marta Cortina-Escribano and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Dhanik ReshamwalaDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
Sailee ShroffDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
Jaana LiimatainenNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland.
Jenni TienahoNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland.
Ilari KuukkanenNatural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland.
Mira LaajalaDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
Andrea CivraDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, I-10043, Italy.
Rachele FranceseDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, I-10043, Italy.
Pyry VeteliNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland.
Marta Cortina-EscribanoNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, FI-80130, Finland.
Tytti SarjalaNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland.
Maarit KaronenNatural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland.
David LemboDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, I-10043, Italy.
Riikka LinnakoskiNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, FI-00790, Finland.
Varpu MarjomäkiDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland. varpu.s.marjomaki@jyu.fi.

Funding

Business Finland 42488/31/2020Research Council of Finland 342251
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Broadly acting antivirals are needed to complement vaccines in present and future pandemics and outbreaks as safe and sustainable tools for combating virus infections. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of ferments of selected strains belonging to the Ganoderma lucidum complex isolated from Finland and investigate their mechanism of action. Cytopathic effect inhibition assay and endpoint assay were used to determine the antiviral activity. The antibacterial activity ws examined using recombinant biosensor strains. Mechanism of action studies included time of addition assay, transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, sucrose gradient separation assay, and thermal assay. The metabolite composition of the ferments was studied using UHPLC-HR-MS/MS. Ferments showed antiviral efficacy against non-enveloped enteroviruses, already at room temperature and within one minute. Broad antimicrobial activity was demonstrated with non-enveloped rotaviruses, enveloped coronaviruses, zika viruses, and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ferments also directly affected the viruses and caused clustering of the virus particles. Additionally, treatment of enteroviruses with ferments caused strong stabilization of the virus capsid, thus preventing their genome release. UHPLC-HR-MS/MS analysis of the ferments verified the presence of several terpenoid compounds. The results show great promise for the future use of ferments from the Ganoderma lucidum complex in combating microbial infections for various applications.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsReishiChromatography, High Pressure LiquidFinlandTandem Mass SpectrometryAntiviral AgentsAntimicrobialBroad-spectrumCoronavirusesEnterovirusesGanoderma sp. fermentStabilization

Identifiers

PMID40604067
PMCPMC12223054

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.