ArticleScientific reports2025
Low-level laser therapy enhances osteogenic differentiation of gingiva-derived stem cells in 2D and 3D cultures.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of diode laser irradiation on stemness of dental Tissues - A systematic review.Lasers in medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Modulation of resting macrophage activity via low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and α-lipoic acid: an in vitro study using a PCL-based biomaterial.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Differential Response of Stro-1Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Diode Laser-Guided Protocol for Endo-Perio Lesions: Toward a Multi-Stage Therapeutic Strategy-A Case Series and Brief Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Modulation of cellular activity by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely studied, particularly in regenerative medicine. This study examined the effects of LLLT on the viability, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) in two-(2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. GMSCs were treated with LLLT at 980 nm and 808 nm using different energy densities and irradiation frequencies. Cell viability was assessed using a colorimetric assay and live/dead staining. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase activity and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of RUNX2 and COL1A1 mRNA expression. Mineralization was analyzed using Alizarin Red S staining. LLLT enhanced cell viability without inducing significant morphological changes, with more pronounced effects in 3D spheroids than in 2D monolayers. Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were significantly increased in LLLT-treated groups. Gene expression analyses confirmed the upregulation of key osteogenic markers, reinforcing LLLT's role in promoting osteogenesis. These findings indicate that LLLT is a non-invasive and effective approach to promoting osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Notably, its effects were more evident in 3D culture systems, which better mimic in vivo conditions. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of LLLT in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, emphasizing its applications in bone regeneration.
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