Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40603835›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

3D ultra-broadband optically dispersive microregions in lithium niobate.

Bo Zhang, Zhuo Wang, Tom Albrow-Owen, Tawfique Hasan, Zesheng Chen, Zhiying Song, Gongyuan Zhang, Hannah Joyce, Dezhi Tan, Qiangbing Guo and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Spectral Response Pixels in Lithium Niobate for Spectroscopic Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Bo Zhang *State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. zhangbobo@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-4977
Zhuo Wang *State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1076-072X
Tom Albrow-Owen *Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0443-014X
Tawfique HasanCambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6250-7582
Zesheng ChenCambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
Zhiying SongCambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
Gongyuan ZhangCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
Hannah JoyceDepartment of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
Dezhi TanState Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. wctdz@zju.edu.cn.
Qiangbing GuoState Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-6187
Cheng-Wei QiuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore. chengwei.qiu@nus.edu.sg.
Zongyin YangState Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. yangzongyin@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-406X
Jianrong QiuState Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. qjr@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-2500

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 12304349National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62275233National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62334001National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) U20A20211
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

3D in-substrate integration of optical functionalities fully utilizes the vertical dimension of space and is valuable for advancing next-generation integrated optoelectronics. However, as a key optical effect, optical dispersion remains unavailable to be tailored at the microscale in 3D. We introduce artificial dispersive microregions in lithium niobate crystals to engineer free-space ultra-broadband optical dispersion. The microregions are formed by ultrafast laser-induced sub-wavelength phase-transition nanostripes, which modulate the crystal's birefringence to establish localized frequency-dependent interference of ordinary and extraordinary light. This approach operates across an ultra-broad wavelength range (>1300 nm) within an exceptionally compact volume (50 × 10 × 6 µm³), and allows for precise, on-demand dispersion control in 3D space. The dispersive microregions exhibit viewing-angle independence, stability to harsh conditions (600 °C high temperature, contamination, corrosion, and mechanical damage), and wide applicability across various birefringent crystals. We demonstrate the versatility of our method in developing broadband on-chip micro-spectrometers and applications of spectral imaging, information recording, and encryption.

Identifiers

PMID40603835
PMCPMC12223147

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.