ReviewNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2026
Prefrontal cortex development and its implications in mental illness.
Review in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of traditional culture picture book intervention on emotional regulation ability and neuropsychology of preschool children.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Early adversity promotes adolescent avoidance behavior by enhancing prefrontal-amygdala communication through CRHbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Developmental alcohol exposure: Impacts on medial prefrontal cortex morphology and the excitatory-inhibitory balance.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Aversive 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalization playback reveals differences in affective (dys)function following early life adversity in male and female juvenile rats.Behavioural brain research · 2026Article
- Estrogen Withdrawal-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Menopausal Women: Mechanisms and Prospects for Integrated Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular architects of memory: BDNF/TrkB signaling and trafficking in neuronal plasticity and memory.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Nucleus Accumbens Hyperactivity and mPFC-NAc Circuit Dysfunction Promote Self-Injurious Behavior in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mapping the genetic architecture of human cortical expansion and its links to neuropsychiatric disorders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting the neuro-immune axis: immunological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in male sexual dysfunction.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- How resilience and age shape the link between negative life events and suicidal ideation in clinically depressed adolescents: a multicenter study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exercise type, dose and mental health outcomes in youth: Which types and doses are sufficient?General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychiatric Risk Implications From Behavioral and Neural Effects of Adolescent Exposure to Environmental Insecticides: A Systematic Review of Rodent Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Synaptic dysfunction and adaptation after NMDA receptor ablation in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and criminal involvement in schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Factors influencing suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on autism-like behaviors.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Disrupted synapses: prefrontal cortex-reward circuit dysfunction in stress-induced depression-like behaviors.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Reduced gray matter in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus: a potential neuroanatomical feature of insomnia comorbid with anxiety.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Immersive metaverse art as a psychological intervention for depression and anxiety: a narrative review and multilevel model integrating engagement, cultural identity, and neurocognitive mechanisms.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Trajectories of mental health and mental illness: where we are now and where we go next.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays an essential role in cognition and emotional regulation. The mPFC undergoes an extended development that is regulated by both genetic programs and activity-dependent processes. During this time, experiences feedback on developing mPFC circuits, allowing individuals to develop nuanced, age-appropriate responses to their environment. However, this protracted development also opens an extended window when adverse experiences such as neglect or maltreatment can alter the trajectory of mPFC development, leading to the emergence of mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. These disorders are characterized by excessive avoidance of perceived threats and impaired emotional regulation. These behavioral functions are encoded in the activity of mPFC neural circuits, particularly in mPFC connections with limbic centers like the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens. To understand how mental health disorders emerge, it is critical to understand how frontolimbic circuits typically develop, and how early life adversity can alter their development. Here we review recent studies that examined the synaptic, cellular, and circuit development of frontolimbic circuits and the underlying molecular and activity-dependent mechanisms. We then review studies that measured the effects of early life stress on mPFC maturation and discuss the implications for therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.