ArticleScientific reports2025
Influence of anionic and cationic surfactants in conjunction with salt and polymer to optimize enhanced oil recovery for waxy phase crude oil.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The increasing demand for crude oil has necessitated the discovery of new oil fields, significantly impacting the environment due to the extensive drilling operations required. Research now focuses on recovering unconventional oil from existing, older oil fields to mitigate these effects. This process is known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR). One of the challenges faced during EOR is the recovery of waxy crude oil. Wax in the oil can deposit in the reservoir, reducing permeability. This makes it difficult for injected fluids to displace the oil effectively. The IFT between the injected fluid and waxy oil must be reduced to minimise this issue. The waxy oil deposit on the sandstone can be recovered by changing it to water-wet from oil-wet. Anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide) surfactants were used to investigate IFT and contact angle. IFT was also measured after adding sodium chloride and partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide. All four surfactants significantly reduce the IFT values, which are further reduced by adding salt. In contrast, no significant change in IFT was observed due to the addition of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide. Experimental evidence shows that surfactant systems alter intermediate-wet sandstone rocks' wettability to become water-wet. We discovered that SDBS can reduce IFT to as low as 0.25 mN/m at its critical concentration, which may help recover waxy crude oil. X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of sandstone rock was performed, and the thermogravimetric analysis of all surfactants was also performed to check their stability for higher temperatures. This study aims to optimise the use of surfactants to recover waxy crude oil, which has significant implications for environmental control and the economic efficiency of industries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.