Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40603349›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Race-neutral versus race-specific GLI reference equations on spirometry interpretation in the general population.

Joon Young Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Yong Suk Jo, Yet Hong Khor

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Joon Young ChoiDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Chin Kook RheeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yong Suk JoDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yet Hong KhorRespiratory Research@Alfred, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. yet.khor@monash.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pulmonary function interpretation is key to the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases. The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) introduced the race-specific reference equations for spirometry in 2012, with subsequent development of the race-neutral reference equations in 2022. This study examined the effects of transitioning from the race-specific 2012-GLI to the race-neutral 2022-GLI reference equations on spirometry interpretation in Northeast Asians. Spirometric data of 10,030 adults from the KoGES cohort were used to derive percent-predicted values using both GLI reference equations. The prevalence of lung function impairment and medical disability, associations of FEV

Indexed as

LungSpirometryAdultAgedAsian PeopleFemaleForced Expiratory VolumeHumansMaleMiddle AgedReference ValuesRespiratory Function TestsVital CapacityChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCohort studyGLI reference equationLung functionRacial difference

Identifiers

PMID40603349
PMCPMC12223187

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.