Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40603330›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Induction of lung mucosal immunity by a next-generation inhaled aerosol COVID-19 vaccine: an open-label, multi-arm phase 1 clinical trial.

Mangalakumari Jeyanathan, Sam Afkhami, Michael R D'Agostino, Imran Satia, Dominik K Fritz, Kate Miyasaki, Jann C Ang, Anna Zganiacz, Karen J Howie, Marilyn Swinton and 13 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase I
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05094609 (Phase 1, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of ChAd68 and AdHu5 Vector-based Trivalent COVID-19 Vaccines Delivered Via Inhaled Aerosol), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05094609 phase1completednot on this map

Phase 1, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of ChAd68 and AdHu5 Vector-based Trivalent COVID-19 Vaccines Delivered Via Inhaled Aerosol

TypeinterventionalSponsorMcMaster UniversityRan2022 to 2025Enrolled36ConditionsCOVID-19, SARS-CoV2 InfectionArmsAd5-triCoV/Mac, ChAd-triCoV/Mac
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Cancer and COVID-19: A review of immune insights and partnerships to inform public health strategy.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Tissue-resident memory T cells reshapeFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Mangalakumari Jeyanathan *McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Sam Afkhami *McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Michael R D'Agostino *McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Imran SatiaDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Dominik K FritzMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Kate MiyasakiMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jann C AngMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Anna ZganiaczMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Karen J HowieDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Marilyn SwintonMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Emilio AguirreDepartment of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Michael B ZhengMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Natallia KazhdanMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Anna Dvorkin-GhevaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Lawrence MbuagbawDepartment of Health Research Methodology, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Maria Fe C MedinaMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Nermin DiabDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Danica L BristerDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Gail M GauvreauDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Brian D LichtyMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. lichtyb@mcmaster.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-1037
Matthew S MillerMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. mmiller@mcmaster.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-5069
Fiona SmaillMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. smaill@mcmaster.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-6260
Zhou XingMcMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. xingz@mcmaster.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-0663

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current COVID-19 vaccines are suboptimal against the evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly in high-risk populations. A next-generation vaccine strategy capable of effective induction of respiratory mucosal immunity remains to be clinically developed. Here, we report an open-label, multi-arm phase 1 study (NCT05094609) to evaluate a multi-antigenic COVID-19 vaccine delivered once via inhaled aerosol to the lung of intramuscular mRNA-vaccinated humans without or with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (uninfected vs infected). Escalating doses of a human adenoviral (HuAd)-vectored or chimpanzee Ad (ChAd)-vectored vaccine are evaluated in the uninfected cohort. A selected Ad vaccine is further evaluated in the infected cohort. The safety is assessed as a primary outcome. Ag-specific immune responses (secondary outcome) are assessed in peripheral blood and in respiratory tract via bronchoscopy at baseline and at timepoint(s) post-vaccination. Eighteen-65-year-old, healthy participants who have received at least 3 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine are enrolled with those vaccinated with any Ad-vectored COVID-19 vaccine excluded. At baseline, there is minimally detectable mucosal immunity in the lung of uninfected or infected humans. While all tested doses (1 × 10

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunity, MucosalLungSARS-CoV-2AdenoviridaeAdministration, InhalationAdolescentAdultAerosolsAgedAnimalsAntibodies, ViralFemaleHumansMaleAerosolsAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID40603330
PMCPMC12223143

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.