Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40603298›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Demonstration of a mobile optical clock ensemble at sea.

A P Hilton, R F Offer, E Klantsataya, S K Scholten, N Bourbeau Hébert, C J Billington, C Locke, C Perrella, M Nelligan, J W Allison and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

A P HiltonInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
R F OfferInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
E KlantsatayaInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
S K ScholtenInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
N Bourbeau HébertInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-8510
C J BillingtonInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-6400
C LockeInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-9535
C PerrellaInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6140-9323
M NelliganInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
J W AllisonInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6753-7146
B WhiteInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-3744
E AhernInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
K W MartinBlue Halo 1300 Britt Street, Albuquerque, NM, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5026
R BeardBlue Halo 1300 Britt Street, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
J D ElginAir Force Research Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Quantum Sensing and Timing, 3550 Aberdeen Ave. SE, Kirtland AFB, NM, USA.
B M SparkesDefence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia.
A N LuitenInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. andre.luiten@adelaide.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0554-6999

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atomic clocks are at the leading edge of accuracy and precision and are essential for synchronisation of distributed critical infrastructure, position, navigation and timing, and scientific applications. There has been significant improvements in the performance of atomic clocks with the shift from microwave to optical frequency transitions. However, this performance increase has come at the cost of size, complexity and fragility, which has confined optical clocks to laboratories. Here we report on a recent international collaboration where three emerging optical clocks, each based on different operating principles, were trialled at sea. These clocks demonstrated world-class performance and reliability by providing stable frequency outputs in optical, microwave and radio-frequency domains over three weeks of unsupervised naval operation.

Identifiers

PMID40603298
PMCPMC12222666

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.