Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40603097›Full record

ArticleInternal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)2026

Successful Sequential Immunotherapy for Multiple Primary Malignancies (Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma).

Kotaro Matsumoto, Jun Hayakawa, Tomohiro Akutsu, Kanji Okamoto, Yuta Namura, Tomohiro Kikuyama, Go Saito, Takako Adachi, Ayako Watanabe, Takayuki Tsujikawa and 6 more

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Kotaro MatsumotoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Jun HayakawaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Tomohiro AkutsuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Kanji OkamotoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Yuta NamuraDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Tomohiro KikuyamaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Go SaitoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Takako AdachiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Ayako WatanabeDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Takayuki TsujikawaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Hiromichi TsunashimaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Nobuhiro KatsukuraDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Tatsuya AsoDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Kentaro KikuchiFourth Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Mikiko TakahashiDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.
Shinpei DoiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are aggressive malignancies, and their coexistence presents a significant treatment challenge. We herein report a rare case of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma that was successfully treated with sequential immune checkpoint inhibitors. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab led to tumor regression, but following a brain infarction, the therapy was switched to durvalumab plus tremelimumab, and durable remission was achieved despite programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) negativity. This case underscores the potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of multiple primary malignancies and highlights the need for further research on predictive biomarkers and optimal combination strategies. This case also raises important questions regarding the mechanisms of ICI efficacy in PD-L1-negative malignancies, and suggests that immune synergy between coexisting tumors may enhance antitumor responses.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularEsophageal NeoplasmsEsophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyLiver NeoplasmsNeoplasms, Multiple PrimaryAgedAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBevacizumabHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedatezolizumabBevacizumabdurvalumabImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorstremelimumabesophageal squamous cell carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorsmultiple primary malignanciesunresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Identifiers

PMID40603097
PMCPMC12900595

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.