Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40601775›Full record

ArticleScience translational medicine2025

Growth arrest specific-6 and angiotoxin receptor-like signaling drive oral regenerative wound repair.

Michelle F Griffin, Jessica Cook, Annah Morgan, Dario Boffelli, Mauricio Downer, Amanda F Spielman, Nicholas J Guardino, Jason L Guo, Jennifer B L Parker, Michael Januszyk and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Michelle F GriffinDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2027-547X
Jessica CookProgram in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1619-8758
Annah MorganDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-9417-6526
Dario BoffelliDepartment of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2529-9056
Mauricio DownerDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Amanda F SpielmanDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9262-722X
Nicholas J GuardinoDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8577-8038
Jason L GuoDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jennifer B L ParkerDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2206-4120
Michael JanuszykDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0313-0973
Caleb ValenciaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Maxwell KuhnertDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
John LuDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3972-8854
Rachel ZwickProgram in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2012-5890
Derrick C WanDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4666-1683
Ophir D KleinProgram in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6254-7082
Michael T LongakerDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1430-8914

Funding

Center for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Tissue and Organ Regeneration (C-DOCTOR)U24DE029463 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CHAI, YANG, LOTZ, JEFFREY C. · 2020 to 2024
$29.5M
Harnessing natural stem cell-based strategies for mammalian dental renewalR35DE026602 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KLEIN, OPHIR D · 2016 to 2023
$8.0M
Cellular and molecular control of tooth morphogenesisR01DE028496 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GREEN, JEREMY B.A., KLEIN, OPHIR D · 2019 to 2023
$2.1M
Irradiated head and neck cancer soft tissue reconstruction by fat transfer.R01DE027346 · NIDCR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LONGAKER, MICHAEL T, WAN, DERRICK · 2018 to 2022
$1.9M
Reprogramming fibroblasts embryonic origins to overcome skin fibrosis and scarring.R01DE032677 · NIDCR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MICHAEL T LONGAKER, Derrick Wan · 2023 to 2026
$1.4M
Mechanoresponsive Engrailed-1-negative fibroblasts activate Engrailed-1 to promote fibrosis in wound healingR01GM136659 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LONGAKER, MICHAEL T · 2020 to 2023
$1.3M
Fibroblast lineage mechanisms of scarless skin healingR01GM116892 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LONGAKER, MICHAEL T, LORENZ, HERMANN PETER · 2017 to 2020
$1.2M
Deciphering Inflammatory Regulation of Oral Epithelial Progenitor Cells During Oral Mucosal RegenerationF30DE029987 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COOK, JESSICA · 2020 to 2025
$319k
NIDCR NIH HHS F30 DE029987NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE027346NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE028496NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE032677NIDCR NIH HHS R35 DE026602NIDCR NIH HHS U24 DE029463NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM116892NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM136659
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rapid and scarless wound repair is a hallmark of the oral mucosa, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable this regeneration remain unclear. By comparing populations of murine oral mucosal fibroblasts (OMFs) and facial skin fibroblasts (FSFs), we have identified mechanisms that facilitate regeneration over fibrosis. We found that OMFs used growth arrest specific-6 (GAS6)-angiotoxin receptor-like (AXL) signaling to suppress fibrosis-related mechanosignaling through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in vitro. Inhibition or knockdown of AXL in the murine oral mucosa resulted in fibrotic wounds and increased activation of FAK. Stimulation of AXL by exogenous GAS6 in the murine facial skin yielded wounds that healed regeneratively as assessed by collagen deposition and organization. Rare human oral scars that resulted from repetitive injury showed decreased expression of GAS6 and AXL and increased FAK. Activating AXL by exogenous GAS6 in repetitively injured mouse oral tissue resulted in better wound healing outcomes and reduced scarring. Altogether, we show that AXL signaling is necessary for murine regenerative wound healing in the oral mucosa and sufficient to limit facial skin fibrosis.

Indexed as

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesRegenerationSignal TransductionWound HealingAnimalsAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseCicatrixFibroblastsFibrosisFocal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine KinasesGrowth Arrest-Specific Protein 6HumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseAXL receptor tyrosine kinase, mouseFocal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine KinasesGrowth Arrest-Specific Protein 6Intercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Identifiers

PMID40601775
PMCPMC12310197

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.