ArticlePLOS global public health2025
In-utero exposure to PM2.5 and adverse birth outcomes in India: Geostatistical modelling using remote sensing and demographic health survey data 2019-21.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of genetic association studies on the susceptibility of preterm birth in Asia.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Disease: Bridging the Evidence Gap in India.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution During Early Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease: An Exploratory Case-Control Analysis from Delhi NCR.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effect of non-optimal ambient temperature on preterm birth and its heterogeneity in various social sub-groups: a report from the Indo Gangetic Plains of India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in maternal and child health: Current applications, translational gaps, and future research priorities.Women's health (London, England)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of air quality on birth weight and preterm birth. Utilizing data from the national family health survey and raster images, the study employs various statistical analyses and spatial models to elucidate the connection between in-utero exposure to air pollution and birth outcomes, both at the individual and district levels. It was observed that approximately 13% of children were born prematurely, and 17% were born with low birth weight. Increased ambient particulate matter 2.5 concentrations during pregnancy were associated with higher odds of low birth weight (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.29-1.45). Mothers exposed to particulate matter 2.5 during pregnancy had a heightened likelihood of delivering prematurely (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.57-1.77) in comparison to unexposed mothers. Climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature had a greater association with adverse birth outcomes. Children residing in the Northern districts of India appeared to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of ambient air pollution. Employing a distributed spline approach, the study identified a discernible upward trend in the risk of adverse birth outcomes as the level of exposure increased, particularly following an exposure level of 40 particulate matter 2.5 ug/m3. A 10 μg m - 3 increase in particulate matter 2.5 exposure was associated with a 5% increase in the prevalence of low birth weight and a 12% increase in preterm birth. Among the different spatial models used in this study, the multiscale geographically weighted regression spatial model showed the best fit to the actual scenario, effectively capturing the spatial relationships between particulate matter 2.5 exposure and adverse birth outcomes. In addition to addressing immediate determinants such as nutrition and maternal healthcare, it is imperative to collaboratively address distal factors encompassing both indoor and outdoor pollution to attain lasting enhancements in child health.
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Registered trials
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