Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40601006›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2025

Amino acids and their metabolites as potential biochemical markers in postmortem vitreous humour.

Laura Franke, Hannah Ihle, Kristina Rieger, Viviane Stammer, Senta Niederegger, Dirk K Wissenbach, Frank T Peters, Gita Mall

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Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Laura FrankeJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7492-9822
Hannah IhleJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Kristina RiegerJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Viviane StammerJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Senta NiedereggerJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8570
Dirk K WissenbachJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany. dirk.wissenbach@med.uni-jena.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-021X
Frank T PetersJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1951-5664
Gita MallJena University Hospital, Institute for Forensic Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-1526

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPutrefaction is the microbial metabolism/degradation of autolysis end products like amino acids. The aim of this study was to identify and investigate amino acids and their bacterial degradation products/metabolites by LC-HRMS as possible markers of putrefaction.

methodsPig eyes (n = 60) were stored in conical centrifuge tubes and petri dishes within a climate chamber at 25°C, 65% humidity over four days. Each day, eyes were macroscopically examined and vitreous humour was drawn from up to six eyes. Twenty-one amino acids/metabolites (lysine, histidine, arginine, N

resultsOpacification was observed and eyes stored on petri dishes dried out faster and turned dark compared to eyes stored in centrifuge tubes. Amino acids were universally present and showed a significant increase by up to 46-fold from day 0 to 4, except for arginine (no trend observed). Amino acid metabolites were first detected on day 2 with exception of N

conclusionLC-HRMS analysis of amino acids and their metabolites in vitreous humour could be a promising tool to evaluate the putrefaction status. However, further studies are required to better understand inter-individual metabolic differences and influencing environmental factors.

Indexed as

Amino AcidsPostmortem ChangesVitreous BodyAnimalsBiomarkersChromatography, LiquidMass SpectrometrySwineAmino AcidsBiomarkersAcetylated amino acid metabolitesAmino acidsBacterial metabolismBiogenic aminesLC-HRMSPostmortem decayPutrefactionVitreous humour

Identifiers

PMID40601006
PMCPMC12672791

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.