Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40600276›Full record

ArticleTransactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene2025

Chagas disease in Trinidad and Tobago - a call to action.

Rod Suepaul, Azad Mohammed, Nicole L Gottdenker, Christopher Oura, Adesh Ramsubhag, Vrijesh Tripathi, Raveed Khan, Jennifer K Peterson

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rod SuepaulSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Azad MohammedDepartment of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Nicole L GottdenkerDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602  USA.
Christopher OuraSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Adesh RamsubhagDepartment of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Vrijesh TripathiDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago.
Raveed KhanSchool of Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Jennifer K PetersonDepartment of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711  USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0274-6143

Funding

American Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian National Museum of Natural History
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a vector-borne disease that can lead to serious cardiac alterations. The Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago (TT) is not considered Chagas endemic by major public health organizations, but Trinidad is home to six T. cruzi vector species as well as T. cruzi-infected vertebrate hosts, including humans. Here we present the most comprehensive assessment to date of Chagas disease in TT based on information from published literature, museum specimens, hospital and veterinary records and archival documents. Panstrongylus geniculatus is the most abundant and well-studied T. cruzi vector species in TT, where it is found in and around human homes with human blood meals and with T. cruzi infection prevalences >83%. Wildlife reservoirs of T. cruzi in TT include commonly hunted species, which may pose a risk of T. cruzi transmission during preparation or consumption of infected carcasses. Blood bank data from 2020 showed a 0.5% seropositivity rate for T. cruzi, which is higher than that reported for 13 Chagas-endemic countries. By presenting the entomological, ecological, epidemiological and clinical evidence in a single report, we aim to present what is known about Chagas disease on the island, identify knowledge gaps and pinpoint areas of future research and public health focus, with the goal of sending a call to action for increased attention to Chagas disease in TT.

Indexed as

Chagas DiseaseInsect VectorsPanstrongylusTrypanosoma cruziAnimalsHumansPrevalenceTrinidad and TobagoCaribbean islandsChagas diseasePanstrongylus geniculatustriatomine bugsTrinidad and TobagoTrypanosoma cruzivector-borne diseasezoonotic infectious disease

Identifiers

PMID40600276
PMCPMC12403213

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.