Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40600175›Full record

ReviewCurrent research in microbial sciences2025

The dual nature of plant growth-promoting bacteria: Benefits, risks, and pathways to sustainable deployment.

Hassan Etesami

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current research in microbial sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. DecodingPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Growth-Promoting and Quality-Enhancing Effects of Insect-DerivedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Biocontrol ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Hassan EtesamiDepartment of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are pivotal in sustainable agriculture, enhancing crop productivity and reducing reliance on chemical inputs. However, their dual role as beneficial agents and potential stressors remains underexplored. This review examines the paradoxical adverse effects of PGPB, challenging the predominantly optimistic narrative surrounding their use. At the plant level, unintended consequences include hormonal imbalances (e.g., auxin-induced root inhibition), phytotoxic metabolite production (e.g., hydrogen cyanide), and trade-offs between growth and defense mechanisms. At the soil level, risks encompass disrupted microbial diversity, altered nutrient cycling, and horizontal gene transfer that may foster pathogenicity. These outcomes are driven by environmental factors (soil pH and moisture), host-specific interactions, and application practices. Mitigation strategies emphasize rigorous strain selection, optimized dosing, and integrated soil management to balance efficacy with ecological safety. Advances in multi-omics technologies and synthetic consortia design offer predictive insights into strain behavior, while long-term ecological assessments are critical to address legacy impacts. The review underscores the necessity of a nuanced, evidence-based approach to PGPB deployment, harmonizing agricultural benefits with environmental stewardship. By addressing knowledge gaps in microbial ecology and risk assessment, this work supports strategies prioritizing both agricultural resilience and soil biodiversity to ensure PGPB contribute sustainably to global food security.

Indexed as

Horizontal gene transferHormonal imbalancesMicrobial diversity disruptionMulti-omics technologiesPhytotoxic metabolitesPlant growth-promoting bacteria

Identifiers

PMID40600175
PMCPMC12212163

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.