Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40600146›Full record

ArticleiScience2025

Harnessing the analog computing power of regulatory networks with the Regulatory Network Machine.

Alexis Pietak, Michael Levin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Alexis PietakAllen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Michael LevinAllen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are critically important for efforts in biomedicine and biotechnology. Here, we introduce the Regulatory Network Machine (RNM) framework, demonstrating how GRNs behave as analog computers capable of sophisticated information processing. Our RNM framework encapsulates: (1) a dissipative dynamic system with a focus on GRNs, (2) a set of inputs to the system, (3) system output states with identifiable relevance to biotechnological or biomedical objectives, and (4) Network Finite State Machines (NFSMs), which are maps detailing how the system changes equilibrium state in response to patterns of applied inputs. As an extension to attractor landscape analysis, the NFSMs map the sequential logic inherent in the GRN and, therefore, embody the "software-like" nature of the system, providing easy identification of specific applied interventions necessary to achieve desired, stable biological outcomes. We illustrate the use of our RNM framework in important biological examples, including in cancer renormalization.

Indexed as

BioengineeringComputer scienceSystems biology

Identifiers

PMID40600146
PMCPMC12210318

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.