ArticlePaediatrics & child health2025
Frequency and impact of paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome/paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections diagnosis in Canada.
Article in Paediatrics & child health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- "It Doesn't Matter Where OCD Comes From," or Does It?Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Antibody Profiles in Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation in pediatric tic disorders: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic frontiers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the PANS/PANDAS diagnostic label in Canada and describe its impact on families, patients, and health care. Methods: Through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP), a monthly form was distributed to paediatricians from December 2019 to November 2021, requesting reports of children who received the diagnostic label of PANS/PANDAS between the ages of 3 and 18 years seen in the previous month. Descriptive and association statistical analyses were performed. Results: Eighty-four cases (57% female, median age of symptom onset 7.8 years interquartile range [IQR] = 5) who received the diagnostic label of PANS/PANDAS were included. Prevalence was found to be 1 in 60,155 (0.0017%). Core diagnostic criteria for PANS/PANDAS (obsessive-compulsive disorder or tics or acute food refusal) were not present in 12% of cases (10/84). Only 22% reported sudden symptom onset. Infection was associated with symptom onset or exacerbation in less than one-third of cases. The majority exhibited two or more neuropsychiatric symptoms (95%). There was significant health care utilization and symptom burden amongst cases. There was a significant difference in the certainty of diagnosis between physicians and families (P < 0.05). Conclusions: PANS/PANDAS diagnoses, while rare, significantly impact children, families, and the health care system. Diagnostic uncertainty underscores the challenges professionals and families face in accessing effective care, emphasizing the need for education and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.
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Registered trials
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