ArticleOphthalmology science
Association of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors with Glaucoma Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Article in Ophthalmology science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Progress of Diabetes-related Glaucoma: Mechanisms, Impacts and Management Strategies.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Association of Tirzepatide versus Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists with Incident Glaucoma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 582 710 patients with T2DM treated with either DPP4i (exposure group) or non-DPP4i medications (control group) were analyzed between 2008 and 2021. Methods: Patients were 1-to-1 matched by propensity scores on demographic and clinical characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios for POAG and NTG, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and concurrent antidiabetic medications. Main Outcome Measures: Incidences of POAG and NTG. Results: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor users demonstrated a significantly lower risk of POAG (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.56) and NTG (aHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.50-0.62) compared to non-DPP4i users on first-generation diabetes medication. Subgroup analysis revealed a consistent risk reduction across all age groups (18-39: aHR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.51-0.62; 40-64: aHR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.47-0.57; ≥65 years: aHR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.47-0.56) and among patients with or without diabetic-related complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic neuropathy (DN) (aHR: without vs. with diabetic retinopathy [0.54 vs. 0.43], without vs. with diabetic kidney disease [0.53 vs. 0.49], without vs. with DN [0.54 vs.0.43]), with all comparisons showing statistical significance ( Conclusions: Exposure to DPP4i was associated with a reduced risk of developing POAG and NTG compared with users of first-generation diabetes medication. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and their implications for glaucoma prevention and management. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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