Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40598775›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of primary health care2026

Facilitators and barriers for return to work among patients with post-COVID-19 condition: a qualitative interview study.

Aleksandra Sulg, Aki Vuokko, Kirsi Kvarnström, Mikko Varonen, Antti Malmivaara, Jari Arokoski, Helena Liira

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of primary health care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Aleksandra SulgOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0009-0006-8455-7798
Aki VuokkoFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0009-0004-8057-3235
Kirsi KvarnströmOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-3136-5972
Mikko VaronenOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0009-0008-3262-1967
Antti MalmivaaraFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Orton Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9042-4450
Jari ArokoskiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-7023-2235
Helena LiiraOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-6577-3109

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPost COVID-19 condition (PCC) can have long-lasting adverse effects, including impacts on work ability. This study explores the facilitators and barriers in the return-to-work (RTW) process. DESIGN AND

methodsConducted in spring 2023 at the Outpatient Clinic for Long-Term Effects of COVID-19, this qualitative study involved phone interviews with 32 patients with PCC, of whom 28 were included in the analysis, while four interviews served as pilots. A research doctor conducted semi-structured interviews covering work ability, RTW actions and rehabilitation experiences. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive approach.

resultsSeveral factors influenced work ability and the RTW process. For individual-related factors, self-guided rehabilitation, stress management, a positive attitude and high motivation supported RTW. Severe symptoms like fatigue and cognitive impairment, along with negative thoughts about them and experience of stress, hindered progress. Work-related factors included supportive employers and flexible work arrangements, while negative attitudes, skepticism about PCC and inflexible workloads were barriers. Health care-related and social factors showed that adequate emotional support and comprehensive healthcare services facilitated rehabilitation, whereas poor support, limited services and insufficient PCC understanding were obstacles. Regarding social insurance, partial sick leave supported RTW, but unmet criteria for benefits posed a barrier.

conclusionPCC's multifactorial nature, complicated by work ability challenges, requires a holistic approach considering individual, social and work-related factors. Effective support involves understanding patients' experiences and fostering collaboration among healthcare providers, employers and the social security system to facilitate RTW, especially in prolonged cases.

Indexed as

COVID-19Return to WorkAdultFatigueFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedMotivationQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2occupational healthoccupational rehabilitationPost-COVID-19 conditionreturn to workwork ability

Identifiers

PMID40598775
PMCPMC12918366

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.