Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40598683›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the GHQ-28 suicidal ideation index in Spain and Mexico.

Lucía Fernández-Alba, Cristina Rea-Rodríguez, José Antonio Llosa, Esteban Agulló-Tomás, Esperanza Vargas Jiménez

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lucía Fernández-AlbaFaculty Padre Ossó, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Cristina Rea-RodríguezFaculty Padre Ossó, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
José Antonio LlosaFaculty Padre Ossó, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. llosajose@uniovi.es.
Esteban Agulló-TomásFaculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Esperanza Vargas JiménezUniversity of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.

Funding

Investigo Program, part of the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan. The program is managed by the Public Employment Service and financed by the European Union under the Next Generation EU instrument AYUD/2023/36887
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSuicide is one of the leading causes of death globally and its early detection is key to prevention. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Suicidal Ideation Index of the GHQ-28 questionnaire in the general population in Spain and Mexico, evaluating its validity and psychometric reliability, as well as its usefulness for cross-cultural studies.

resultsThe research was developed with a total sample of 6377 people; 5573 in Spain and 804 in Mexico. The statistical analysis was divided into two studies: one to validate the index within each country and the other to assess its factorial invariance across countries. Factor analyses confirmed a unidimensional structure of the index, composed of four items related to suicidal thoughts. High levels of reliability were obtained and the invariance of the instrument by gender, psychotropic drug use and country was demonstrated, allowing its comparative use in cross-cultural research.

conclusionsDespite the frequent use of the GHQ-28 in mental health, there was no formal validation of its specific index for suicidal ideation in Spanish-speaking contexts. This study offers the first formal validation of the Suicidal Ideation Index of the GHQ-28 in Spanish-speaking populations. The index showed a unidimensional structure, high reliability, and measurement invariance across gender, psychotropic drug use, and country. These results support its use as a reliable tool for detecting suicidal ideation and for cross-cultural research in mental health.

Indexed as

Cross-Cultural ComparisonSuicidal IdeationAdolescentAdultAgedFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMexicoMiddle AgedPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSpainSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultFactorial invarianceFactorial validityMexican populationScale validationSpanish populationSuicidal ideation

Identifiers

PMID40598683
PMCPMC12219701

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