ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among students and the association of social media addiction with its severity in Hamadan: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relationships Between Sleep Quality, Perceived Stress, and Premenstrual Syndrome Among Medical and Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Palestine.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Premenstrual syndrome-related quality of life: associations with ultra-processed food consumption, mindful eating, well-being, and social media addiction in women.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsidering that numerous adverse effects of social media addiction (SMA) share characteristics with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), this study aims to determine the prevalence of PMS and to investigate the relationship between SMA and the severity of PMS symptoms among students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
methodsThis descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between 2023 and 2024, involving 380 students from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences situated within the university environment and its affiliated dormitories. Sampling was performed using a convenience approach, and participants who met the inclusion criteria completed demographic questionnaires, the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF), and the Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (PSST). Data analysis was executed utilizing Stata version 13 statistical software, with a significance level set at less than 0.05.
resultsThe results indicated that 73.68% of the participants were experiencing PMS, while 7.11% were diagnosed with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The prevalence of severe SMA among students was found to be 14.21%. Additionally, the findings demonstrated a significant correlation between increased dependence on social media and a higher incidence of PMS, with this upward trend achieving statistical significance (Chi-square for trend = 10.13, p-value = 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, after controlling for potential confounding variables, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for PMS in students with severe SMA was 5.35 times greater than that of students with mild SMA (p = 0.001).
conclusionsAs the severity of SMA increases, the prevalence of PMS also rises. Given that PMS can significantly impact the quality of life and the educational and occupational performance of students, it is imperative to educate them on the appropriate use of social media. This education should focus on fostering effective management strategies, which can mitigate the adverse consequences associated with SMA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.