SynthesisBMC psychiatry2025
The impact of hyperventilation on seizure duration following electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seizure adequacy and safety of remimazolam in electroconvulsive therapy for patients with psychiatric disorders: a double-blind randomized crossover trial.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Remimazolam versus propofol on seizure adequacy in electroconvulsive therapy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Depth of Anaesthesia Measured by Patient State Index (PSi) Does Not Correlate With Increased Seizure Duration During Electroconvulsive Therapy.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment used for severe psychiatric conditions that involves the induction of seizures under general anesthesia. It has been proposed that hyperventilation, which is the rapid breathing either voluntary or induced to lower carbon dioxide levels, might have an impact on the effectiveness of ECT. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate the current evidence on how hyperventilation may alter the course and outcomes of ECT by potentially affecting seizure duration and the resultant therapeutic outcomes, and assess its implications for both safety and potential therapeutic outcomes for patients.
methodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of articles published up to April 18, 2024, in databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Ovid, Wanfang Data, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the SINOMED database. Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2.0) was used to evaluate the quality of these studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio version 4.3.2, with the Egger's test for publication bias and sensitivity analysis for result robustness.
resultsSeven studies with 620 ECT sessions were analyzed. Hyperventilation significantly extended muscle (MD 2.880 s, 95% CI 0.917-4.842 s, GRADE moderate) and EEG (MD 5.426 s, 95% CI 0.656-10.195 s, GRADE moderate) seizure durations. No significant differences in safety indices were observed between groups. Additionally, the overall bias across the included studies was significant, and the majority of studies relied solely on seizure duration as an indicator of ECT efficacy.
conclusionHyperventilation during ECT induction phase may improve seizure outcomes and is well-tolerated, though further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.