Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40598038›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

Validation of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and PHQ-2 in patients with COPD in China.

Meishan Liu, Yuhan Chang, Dong Wang, Jiexin Fang, Shannon Carson, Boyu Li, Yongdong Hu, Kewu Huang

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Capturing the late complications of venous thromboembolism.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026
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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Meishan Liu *Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
Yuhan Chang *Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
Dong WangDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
Jiexin FangDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
Shannon CarsonUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Boyu LiDepartment of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yongdong HuDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China. huyongdongdoctor@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4100-2876
Kewu HuangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, PR China. kewuhuang@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5882-9178

Funding

AstraZeneca China ESR-16-12485the Beijing Hospitals Authority Innovation Studio of Young Staff Funding Support 202108the Financial Budgeting Project of Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine Ysbz2024001the National Key R&D Program of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2016YFC0901102the Project of "Deng Feng" Talent Training, the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals DFL20190301
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and PHQ-2 are commonly used screening tools for depression but have not been validated in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We aimed to validate PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 among COPD patients in China.

methodsStable COPD patients were assessed using a PHQ-9 questionnaire and then assessed by a senior psychiatrist to confirm the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to validate the PHQ-9/PHQ-2.

resultsOut of 265 COPD patients, 11.7% were diagnosed with MDD. The Cronbach's α-coefficient for PHQ-9 was 0.751. Both PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 showed good correlations with COPD symptoms and quality of life. The AUC values of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 were 0.848 and 0.736, respectively, for identifying MDD. Based on the highest Youden index, the optimal cut-off scores were PHQ-9 ≥ 7 and PHQ-2 ≥ 2, with a sensitivity of 74.2% and 58.1% and specificity of 89.7% and 89.3%, respectively.

conclusionPHQ-9 score ≥ 7 and PHQ-2 score ≥ 2 should be used as the optimal cut-offs for COPD patients in China. PHQ-9 is a valid tool for detecting MDD in COPD patients, while PHQ-2 (score < 2) is more useful for quickly excluding MDD.

Indexed as

Major Depressive DisorderPatient Health QuestionnairePulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAgedChinaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseMajor depressive disorderPHQ-2PHQ-9ScreeningValidation

Identifiers

PMID40598038
PMCPMC12220146

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.