ArticleBMC medical education2025
Learning how to talk about approaching death: results from a pre-test post-test trial on the effectiveness of a blended-learning approach.
Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCaring for dying individuals is a key aspect of many clinical and medical practices. However, training and reflection opportunities on conversations between healthcare professionals, dying patients, and caregivers are limited. To address this gap, we developed a blended-learning approach focusing on effective communication about approaching death, termed Talking About Dying (TAD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of this approach on pre- and postgraduate medical learners' knowledge, anxiety, self-efficacy, and skills related to TAD.
methodsA pre-test post-test trial with n = 12 medical students and n = 11 nursing professionals was applied. Data were collected at three time points: (1) at baseline (pre-intervention) (2), after a 45-minute online TAD module (post-intervention I), and (3) after a 90-minute onsite workshop with experts (post-intervention II). Knowledge was tested with self-developed multiple-choice questions, while anxiety when discussing death and self-efficacy were assessed using published questionnaires, i.e., the 7-item Thanatophobia Scale and a 1-item scale according to Bandura. Participants demonstrated their TAD-related skills in encounters with simulated patients, which were scored by trained assessors using a self-developed scale. The TAD online module (intervention I) included text and video demonstrations with critical hints, while the onsite workshop (intervention II) involved group reflection, discussion, and role-play to deepen understanding.
resultsParticipants demonstrated increased knowledge, reduced thanatophobia (amongst medical students but not nursing professionals), and enhanced self-efficacy and skills following both interventions, with these effects being both statistically and practically significant.
conclusionsCombining an online module with an in-person workshop can meaningfully enhance learning outcomes across cognitive, affective, and behavioural dimensions related to TAD conversations for both medical students and professional nurses, though changes in the affective dimensions were observed only in students. We recommend integrating this method into medical and nursing education. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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