ArticleBMC cancer2025
De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- External validation of a nomogram for de novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: a single-center Mexican cohort.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Article
- 3D bioprinting innovations: a new frontier in breast cancer research.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptomics in metastatic breast cancer: mapping tumor evolution and therapeutic resistance.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with 20-30% of early-stage patients eventually developing metastases, often in bones. Despite the high incidence, risk factors for de novo bone metastasis are understudied in local populations.
methodsThis single-center, retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and risk factors were assessed. Patients with de novo bone metastasis were compared to non-stage IV cases using binary univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with significance set at p < 0.05.
resultsAmong 2565 patients, 93 (3.6%) presented with bone only metastasis (BOM) and 135 (5.3%) presented with bone and visceral metastasis together. The median age was 51 years, with females predominating. Multivariate analysis revealed that triple-negative breast carcinoma had lower odds (OR 0.36, 95% CI (0.16-0.79) p < 0.001). Advanced T and N stages and tumor grade II were linked to higher odds of bone-only metastasis. The 2-year overall survival of participants with BOM was 93% (CI: 83.7-97%).
conclusionThis study identifies key risk factors that provide the basis for early detection and intervention strategies. While it has a few limitations, these findings can guide future research and inform risk assessment models for more diverse populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.