ArticleBMC cancer2025
Cervical cancer screening uptake among women living with HIV in the era of universal test and treat policy in Malawi: results from the 2020-2021 Malawi population-based HIV impact assessment.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protect her future: Lessons learned from a school and community engagement initiative for HPV vaccine awareness in Lilongwe, Malawi.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Awareness, knowledge, and cervical cancer screening behaviour in an urban informal settlement: Evidence from multinomial and interaction models.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploratory study of a long-term hospital-based cervical cancer screening program in a high HIV prevalence area of rural Malawi.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Malawi. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are more susceptible to developing cervical cancer due to their compromised immune system. Screening facilitates early detection and timely management of the disease. However, there is limited evidence regarding the factors associated with its uptake. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the uptake of cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among WLHIV in Malawi.
methodsThis study was based on nationally representative data from the 2020-2021 Malawi Population-based HIV Impact Assessment, which included a sample of 1696 WLHIV aged 15 years and older. Descriptive statistics were conducted to ascertain the proportion of WLHIV screened for cervical cancer, while multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake.
resultsIn total 668 women reported having ever been screened for cervical cancer, representing a screening rate of 38.0% (95% CI: 35.0-41.1%). Women with primary education (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.12-2.12), secondary and higher education (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.39-3.27), from rich households (AOR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.36-2.49), from southern region (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.19-3.91), and on antiretroviral therapy for ten or more years (AOR = 2.62, 95%CI: 1.62-4.21) were more likely to screen for cervical cancer. Conversely, women living in rural areas (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.53-0.98) were less likely to screen.
conclusionThe findings reveal that the uptake of cervical cancer screening among WLHIV in Malawi was low, suggesting gaps in the integration of cervical cancer screening into routine HIV care. Several sociodemographic factors as well as the duration on antiretroviral therapy were associated with cervical cancer screening uptake. Therefore, efforts to improve screening uptake should target the specific groups identified in this study, particularly those residing in rural areas, from poor households, newly initiated on antiretroviral therapy, and those with no formal education.
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