ArticleMovement ecology2025
Prospecting movements during the transit phase of immature eagles are driven by age, sex and season.
Article in Movement ecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Weather Conditions Are Systematically Associated With Long-Range Nonroutine Movements in a Large Scavenger.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDispersal includes three phases: emigration, transit, and immigration. The transit phase, which involves all movements between departure and arrival, is the least understood phase of dispersal. During the transit phase, individuals prospect their environment to gather information about potential breeding sites, thus enhancing their future reproductive success and survival. Studies have revealed a wide inter-individual variability in prospecting behaviours which may result from complex interactions between external and internal factors affecting the costs and benefits of prospecting. Age, sex, and season are expected to strongly influence prospecting behaviours, yet their effects are far from established. METHODOLOGY: We investigated how age, sex, and season interact and influence prospecting movements throughout the transit phase. We analysed telemetry data from 106 immature Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), whose natal dispersal involves a transit phase lasting several years. Using a trajectory segmentation method, we identified the areas sequentially prospected by each individual and we assessed the size, duration of use, and spacing between these areas to uncover spatio-temporal variations in prospecting behaviours.
resultsWe confirmed our predictions, revealing strong influences of age, sex, and season, as well as their interactions, on prospecting movements. First, age had a significant effect on prospecting behaviours: individuals displayed a progressive spatial concentration of prospecting, consistent with patterns observed in colonial species. Second, seasonal variations were detected, with peaks of prospection in spring and autumn, likely resulting from the constraints imposed by territorial adult reproduction and weather-related flight conditions. Third we found sexual differences in movement patterns, with females prospecting over a larger spatial range than males, in line with the female-biased dispersal existing in most bird species. The level of inter-sexual differences and seasonal variations in prospecting behaviours differed depending on the age of the individuals.
conclusionsOur work strongly supports that individuals adjust their prospecting behaviour in response to interacting intrinsic and extrinsic factors, in order to reduce prospecting movement costs while maximising the information gathered to inform their immigration decision.
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