ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Clinical courses and outcomes of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-positive patients in Shiraz, Southern Iran: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cerebral toxoplasmosis: Parasitology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention - a narrative review.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Linalool as a potential agent against Toxoplasma gondii: an in vitro study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Correction: Clinical courses and outcomes of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-positive patients in Shiraz, Southern Iran: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCerebral toxoplasmosis (CTX) occurs as a latent form of Toxoplasma gondii infection, commonly found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. A proper and timely diagnosis of CTX enables effective treatment, reducing complications and mortality. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical course, and in-hospital mortality rate of CTX in HIV-positive patients admitted to the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS).
methodsThis retrospective study included 876 HIV-positive patients admitted to Namazi and Shahid Faghihi hospitals of SUMS from 2013 to 2022. After reviewing the medical records, the clinical data of CTX patients were extracted and analyzed.
resultsOverall, 4.00% of HIV-positive patients were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis, with CTX occurring in 2.17%. The mean age of CTX patients was 37.95 ± 9.32 years, with 57.89% males and 42.11% females. The prevalence of CTX in HIV-positive women (4.32%) was significantly higher than in HIV-positive men (1.59%) (p = 0.04). In 57.89% of CTX patients, the disease was the first manifestation of HIV infection. Focal neurological deficit (52.63%), decreased level of consciousness (52.63%), headache (47.37%), and fever (42.11%) were the most common clinical manifestations of CTX. Age was inversely correlated with CTX diagnosis in logistic regression analysis (p < 0.001). CTX had a 21.05% in-hospital mortality rate.
conclusionPhysicians should be aware of the clinical course and high mortality rate of CTX in HIV-positive patients. Our findings also highlight the importance of implementing HIV screening programs, particularly for at-risk young adults. Future studies should address the limitations of this study by employing larger and more diverse samples.
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