Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2025
Relationship between antibiotic use and short-term risk of mortality in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a study based on the medical information mart for intensive care database.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinical impact of a multidisciplinary remote-based hybrid antibiotic stewardship program in critically ill patients during COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a prospective pilot implementation study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn critically ill sepsis patients the use of certain antibiotics can be associated with adverse effects. This study investigates the relationship between the use of different classes of antibiotic during the intensive care unit stay and the 30-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
methodsThis retrospective observational study collected data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database between 2008 and 2019. The antibiotic classes assessed included cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, quinolones, macrolides, and metronidazole. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the association between the use of different classes of antibiotic and mortality risk in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
resultsThe 30-day mortality was 16.19% (643 out of 3974 patients). The use of penicillins (hazard ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.58, P = 0.002), macrolides (hazard ratio: 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-2.00, P = 0.005), and metronidazole (hazard ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.57, P = 0.002) were associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality. The use of one, two, or more than three antibiotic classes were associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality (all P < 0.05). In sepsis-associated encephalopathy patients aged ≥ 65 years, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores ≥ 6, Charlson comorbidity index scores ≥ 2, Glasgow Coma Scale ≥ 8, experiencing acute kidney injury, and receiving opiates or propofol, the number of administered antibiotic classes was significantly associated with increased 30-day mortality risk.
conclusionWe found an association between penicillins, macrolides, and metronidazole usage and 30-day mortality in sepsis-associated encephalopathy patients that needs future prospective randomized control trials to establish causal relationship.
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