Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40596703›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Development and optimization of an automatic transplanting device for plug tray vegetable seedlings using embedded system.

Ajit Pralhad Magar, Sachin Madhukar Nalawade, Avdhoot Ashok Walunj, Bhaskar Bharat Gaikwad, Ganesh Namdev Shelke, Abhijit Khadatkar, Chetankumar Prakash Sawant, Rajesh U Modi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ajit Pralhad MagarICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 462 038, Madhya Pradesh, India. ajitpmagar1355@gmail.com.
Sachin Madhukar NalawadeMahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 413 722, Maharashtra, India.
Avdhoot Ashok WalunjMahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 413 722, Maharashtra, India.
Bhaskar Bharat GaikwadICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, 413 115, India.
Ganesh Namdev ShelkeMahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 413 722, Maharashtra, India.
Abhijit KhadatkarICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 462 038, Madhya Pradesh, India. abhijitkhadatkar18@gmail.com.
Chetankumar Prakash SawantICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 462 038, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Rajesh U ModiICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Timely seedling transplantation, though crucial for horticulture, is increasingly becoming uncertain due to seasonal labour shortages, limited mechanization, and higher import and repair costs of automated vegetable transplanters in India. A simple and cost-effective vegetable transplanting device with automatic plug-tray seedling extraction feature was designed and developed considering very limited studies on simple and indigenous automatic seedling extractor design. The developed extractor uses a mechanical toggle mechanism for robustness and a close loop-controlled embedded system to drive it for optimum performance. The crank rotational speed, seedling root bulb moisture content, and needle penetration depth in root bulb were major affecting factors optimized using the RSM to maximize extraction ratio and minimize failure ratio. The seedling extractor performed optimally at an extraction rate of 38 seedlings per minute, bulb moisture content of 75%, and needle penetration depth of 30 mm. The field testing of the transplanting device with the automatic extractor resulted in seedling extraction ratio of 96.05% and field efficiency of 91.8% at 34.62 and 35.47 plantings.min

Indexed as

BrassicaHorticultureSeedlingsVegetablesAutomationEquipment DesignIndiaSolanum lycopersicumBox Behnken designEmbedded systemIndexing mechanismSeedling extractorVegetable transplanter

Identifiers

PMID40596703
PMCPMC12216542

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.