Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40596620›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Prognostic significance of acute exacerbations and usual interstitial pneumonia in fibrotic interstitial lung disease.

Yun Zhang, Zekai Cen, Qunli Ding, Yanan Ying, Chengna Lv, Tingting Wu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yun ZhangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Zekai CenDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Qunli DingDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. dingqunli@nbu.edu.cn.
Yanan YingDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Chengna LvDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Tingting WuDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, No. 59, Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. wutingting519128@163.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo 2019A610228Zhejiang Province Medicine and Health Technology Plan Project 2024KY1544Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China LBY22H180004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fibrotic interstitial lung disease (FILD) is a general term that includes many diseases that manifest as pulmonary fibrosis and are often progressive and associated with high morbidity. However, there are limited data regarding the frequency and prognosis of FILD patients other than those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and early prognostic risk factors for FILD. This study retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who were diagnosed with FILD between April 2011 and September 2022 in our centre. Ultimately, 194 patients diagnosed with non-IPF fibrotic ILD were screened in our study. Baseline clinical information, pulmonary function tests, and chest images were collected and analysed. Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) (60.3%) was the most common subgroup of FILD and associated with longer survival than the other types of FILD. The age at diagnosis of ILD (64.4 ± 13.5 vs. 70.0 ± 11.6 years, P = 0.001) and the proportion of males, smokers and acute exacerbations (AEs) (13.5% vs. 27.5%, P = 0.026) were significantly higher in the UIP group than in the NSIP group. The Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis showed that the IPF group (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.05–3.70, P = 0.011) had a worse survival rate than the FILD group, and landmark analyses showed that the survival of FILD patients with the UIP pattern (HR 3.07 95% CI 1.37–6.86 P = 0.006) was significantly shorter than that of FILD patients with the NSIP pattern 48 months after ILD diagnosis. In the multivariate Cox analysis, AEs of ILD (HR 4.17 95% CI 2.24–7.75 P < 0.001) and combined with lung cancer (HR 3.12 95% CI 1.27–7.65 P = 0.013) remained as significant factors that were independently associated with shorter survival. CTD-ILD is the most common subgroup of FILD in our study, and the prognosis is better than that of other types of FILD. Patients with the UIP pattern tend to be older and have a higher proportion of AEs. The prognosis is worse than that of patients with the NSIP pattern in the later stage. AEs and combined with lung cancer are independent risk factors for the prognosis of FILD patients, and more attention should be given to such patients.

Indexed as

Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisLung Diseases, InterstitialPulmonary FibrosisAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRespiratory Function TestsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAcute exacerbationsFibrotic interstitial lung diseaseInterstitial lung diseaseUsual interstitial pneumonia

Identifiers

PMID40596620
PMCPMC12215683

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.