Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40596112›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Mechanical and thermal performance of bio-brick masonry with hydrated lime mortar at high temperature.

G Nakkeeran, L Krishnaraj, George Uwadiegwu Alaneme, Mustapha Muhammad Lawan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

G NakkeeranDepartment of Civil Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, 517325, India. drnakkeerang@mits.ac.in.
L KrishnarajDepartment of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
George Uwadiegwu AlanemeCivil Engineering Department, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda. alanemeg@kiu.ac.ug.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-7628
Mustapha Muhammad LawanCivil Engineering Department, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The construction sector's growing emphasis on sustainability and thermal efficiency has prompted a shift toward eco-compatible masonry materials. This experimental investigation explores the mechanical and thermal behavior of Bio-Bricks composed of groundnut shell waste (GNS) and hydrated lime mortar under elevated temperature conditions. The study comprehensively evaluates the compressive and shear performance of masonry prisms, as well as heat resistance through prototype wall models. Results reveal that Bio-Bricks combined with hydrated lime mortar deliver a significant enhancement of 7.9% in compressive strength and 12.6% in shear strength over conventional systems. Thermal evaluations demonstrate a reduced indoor heat flux ranging from 8 to 15 °C, indicating superior insulation performance. Furthermore, finite element simulations closely validate experimental results, confirming the reliability of Bio-Brick assemblies under thermal and mechanical stress. The integration of agricultural by-products and pozzolanic binders highlights the potential of Bio-Bricks as a sustainable alternative, promoting energy efficiency and structural reliability in modern construction.

Indexed as

Elevated temperaturePrism analysisTemperature analysisThermal studies

Identifiers

PMID40596112
PMCPMC12216284

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.