ArticleScientific reports2025
A network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of adjuvant targeted therapy or immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cumulative high-risk surgical and pathologic features predict recurrence after resection of early-stage node-negative non-small cell lung cancer.JTCVS open · 2026Article
- Access to Cancer Medicines in Türkiye Through Legal Avenues: An Analysis from the Perspective of Medical Ethics.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The integration of targeted therapy and immunotherapy into adjuvant treatments for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains challenging. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of all available adjuvant treatment options. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to August 15, 2023, were identified from MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL. RCTs were included if they studied early-stage NSCLC and compared any adjuvant systemic targeted therapy or immunotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy/placebo. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022351290. Individual patient data were generated based on data extracted from Kaplan-Meier curves. A parametric survival model was used to estimate the median time for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). A two-stage network meta-analysis (NMA) was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for DFS and OS, in addition to the risk ratio (RR) of severe adverse events (SAE). Nineteen RCTs (n = 9,438) were included for assessing the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy, and non-ICI immunotherapy. DFS in EGFR-TKIs and ICI immunotherapy was longer than chemotherapy/placebo, with a median time of 69.24, 53.47, and 39.49 months, respectively. EGFR-TKIs had a 46% significantly lower risk of recurrence [HR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.77)] than chemotherapy/placebo. Both EGFR-TKIs and ICI immunotherapy appeared to improve OS compared to chemotherapy or placebo, but both treatments also had an increased risk of SAE; however, neither result was statistically significant. This study indicates that EGFR-TKIs might be the best treatment regimen for reducing recurrence with an intermediate risk of SAE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.