Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40596028›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Urine anion and osmolality gaps in the comprehensive evaluation of acid base balance across different levels of kidney function.

Saeko Hatanaka Ito, Go Kanzaki, Hideaki Kuno, Takahito Niikura, Kosuke Honda, Yasuyuki Nakada, Nobuo Tsuboi, Takashi Hasegawa, Takashi Yokoo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Saeko Hatanaka ItoDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
Go KanzakiDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. g-kanzaki@jikei.ac.jp.
Hideaki KunoDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
Takahito NiikuraDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
Kosuke HondaDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
Yasuyuki NakadaDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
Nobuo TsuboiDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
Takashi HasegawaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Atsugi City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
Takashi YokooDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ammonium excretion is often estimated using urinary anion gap (UAG) and osmolality gap (UOG) when direct measurement is unavailable, particularly in patients with impaired kidney function. We aimed to examine how UAG and UOG vary across different levels of kidney function and their relationships with acid-base parameters. This retrospective cohort study included 531 outpatients categorized by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR: ≥ 90, 60-89, 45-59, 30-44, and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m

Indexed as

Acid-Base EquilibriumKidneyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnionsFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationKidney Function TestsMaleMiddle AgedOsmolar ConcentrationRetrospective StudiesAnionsAcid–base balanceChronic kidney diseaseUrine anion gapUrine osmolality gap

Identifiers

PMID40596028
PMCPMC12215085

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.