Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40596023›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release.

Farjad Zafar, Muhammad Ali Sheraz, Syed Abid Ali, Maryam Riaz, Sofia Ahmed, Sadia Hafeez Kazi, Safoora Tariq, Zubair Anwar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Farjad ZafarBaqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan. farjad_zafar@baqai.edu.pk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-1544
Muhammad Ali SherazBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-8178
Syed Abid AliThird World Centre for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-8257
Maryam RiazBaqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1253-8063
Sofia AhmedBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-1237
Sadia Hafeez KaziBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-9994
Safoora TariqBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0059-8850
Zubair AnwarBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 75340, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-7588

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is essential to adopt effective therapy strategies for periodontal diseases to achieve optimal results while avoiding adverse effects on the system. This study has developed various PEGylated chitosan-based biodegradable xerogels for localized release of doxycycline hyclate (DH) to treat periodontal infectious diseases. The xerogels were formulated using the solvent casting method, and the solvent (0.25 M HCl) was slowly evaporated at ambient conditions. Two different molecular weights were employed for chitosan and polyethylene glycol, and twelve combinations, including the placebos and controls, were prepared for the formulation of xerogels. Different physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared DH xerogels were studied, such as drying time and rate, thickness, moisture content, swelling index, organoleptic characteristics, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, drug release and kinetics, and antibacterial activity. The results revealed that the drug transforms from a crystalline to an amorphous state, thus rapidly releasing the drug (> 60% in 30 min. in all xerogels), followed by a sustained release up to 10 h. The release kinetics results revealed that the drug followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. It is concluded that the formulated DH-loaded xerogels showed promising results for use in the periodontal pockets to treat various infectious diseases.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsChitosanDoxycyclinePeriodontal DiseasesPolyethylene GlycolsCalorimetry, Differential ScanningDrug CarriersDrug LiberationGelsHumansKineticsAnti-Bacterial AgentsChitosanDoxycyclineDrug CarriersGelsPolyethylene GlycolsChitosanDoxycycline hyclateHydrochloric acidPolyethylene glycolXerogels

Identifiers

PMID40596023
PMCPMC12216814

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.