Comprehensive geospatial assessment: morphometric parameters and hydrological implications in five Mexican basins.

This research pioneers a comprehensive geospatial analysis of 30 morphometric parameters across five major Mexican basins-Panuco, Papaloapan, Coatzacoalcos, Grijalva, and Usumacinta-which collectively contribute approximately 90% of the Gulf of Mexico-bound runoff. A critical review of existing literature reveals a significant gap: the absence of integrated morphometric studies in Mexican watersheds that explicitly link morphological features to hydrological implications, a common element missing in most morphometric studies. Utilizing advanced remote sensing and GIS techniques, we quantified key aspects, including basin area, drainage density, relief, and fractal dimensions to unravel the nuanced hydrological behaviors inherent to these diverse systems. Our findings demonstrate substantial inter-basin variations driven by distinct climatic, geological, and topographic conditions, thereby providing essential insights for effective water resource management and environmental planning. This study addresses a crucial void in Mexican hydrological research and establishes a foundational framework for future explorations into watershed dynamics within comparable climatic contexts.