Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40595787›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Development SPE-LC-MS/MS method for determination of WHO AWaRe Reserve antibiotics in hospital wastewater.

Joanna Wilk, Paulina Sowik, Ewa Felis, Monika Harnisz, Ewa Korzeniewska, Sylwia Bajkacz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joanna WilkDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Paulina SowikDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Ewa FelisDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Monika HarniszDepartment of Engineering of Water Protection and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland.
Ewa KorzeniewskaDepartment of Engineering of Water Protection and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland.
Sylwia BajkaczDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland. Sylwia.Bajkacz@polsl.pl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Overuse and inadequate legal regulation of the use of antibiotics have led to antimicrobial resistance, which threatens healthcare by reducing the effectiveness of treatments and promoting multidrug-resistant "superbugs". The World Health Organization created the AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) classification to categorize antimicrobials according to their therapeutic value, emphasizing prudent use. The most important group in terms of protecting effectiveness is the Reserve group. The aim of the study was to develop a method for the determination of the following Reserve antibiotics in hospital wastewater: aztreonam, linezolid, meropenem, tigecycline, vaborbactam, cilastatin, fosfomycin, and ceftazidime. Twenty-six extraction procedures were tested and the one with the best recoveries for all antimicrobials (31.5-103.7%) was selected. The extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated and applied to the determination of the selected pharmaceuticals in effluents from 16 hospitals in Poland, with Reserve antibiotics detected in each sample at concentrations ranging from 1.89 ng L

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsSolid Phase ExtractionTandem Mass SpectrometryWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalChromatography, LiquidHospitalsHumansLiquid Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryPolandWorld Health OrganizationAnti-Bacterial AgentsWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalEnvironmental pollutionHospital wastewaterLast-resort antibioticsReserve antibioticsSPE-LC-MS/MSWHO AWaRe

Identifiers

PMID40595787
PMCPMC12214922

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.