Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40595679›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Mechanically flexible mid-wave infrared imagers using black phosphorus ink films.

Theodorus Jonathan Wijaya, Naoki Higashitarumizu, Shifan Wang, Shogo Tajima, Hyong Min Kim, Shu Wang, Dehui Zhang, James Bullock, Tomoyuki Yokota, Takao Someya and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Theodorus Jonathan Wijaya *Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-0029
Naoki Higashitarumizu *Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-6753
Shifan WangDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-1434
Shogo TajimaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Hyong Min KimDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Shu WangMaterials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Dehui ZhangDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
James BullockDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7903-9642
Tomoyuki YokotaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. yokota@ntech.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-8864
Takao SomeyaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. someya@ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3051-1138
Ali JaveyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. ajavey@berkeley.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-7931

Funding

MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP23KJ0760MEXT | JST | Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) JPMJPR23H7U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-05Ch11231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mid-wave infrared (MWIR) spectral range (λ = 3-8 μm) enables important sensing and imaging applications, including non-invasive bioimaging, night vision, and autonomous navigation. Commercial MWIR photodetectors are limited to rigid imagers based on heteroepitaxial materials. There is an emerging need for mechanically flexible MWIR imagers to broaden their functionality and practicality. Recently, photodetectors using van der Waals (vdW) black phosphorus (BP) flakes have demonstrated highly sensitive room-temperature photodetection. Additionally, vdW materials are solution-processable, facilitating scalable processing and flexible device fabrication. In this work, we present flexible MWIR imagers consisting of photodiodes fabricated on thin plastic substrates using BP ink films. We demonstrate mechanically robust responsivity up to 2.5-mm bending radii and after 5000 bending cycles. Leveraging this flexibility, we achieve full-azimuthal imaging, detecting directional light sources with precision. These results establish a scalable approach for large-area, conformable MWIR imaging and pave the way for integration with flexible electronics.

Identifiers

PMID40595679
PMCPMC12215355

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.