Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40595547›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Cost-competitive offshore wind-powered green methanol production for maritime transport decarbonization.

Yunfei Du, Xinwei Shen, Daniel M Kammen, Xiaochi Ding

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Green Methanol from COChem & bio engineering · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yunfei DuInstitute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4670-0566
Xinwei ShenInstitute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China. sxw.tbsi@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1636-5712
Daniel M KammenEnergy and Resources Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2984-7777
Xiaochi DingInstitute of Data and Information, Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-1605-3353

Funding

Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province) 2022A1515240019, 2023A1515240055National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52477102Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission RCYX20231211090430053U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) DE-EE0009443
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stringent emission reduction goals and rising demand for clean maritime fuels have elevated green methanol as a promising low-cost alternative, which is supported by a mature and easily replicable technology. Here, we investigate the technical feasibility, economics, and development of offshore wind-powered green methanol production and supply to maritime transport within the European Union (EU). We analyze various system configurations, incorporating diverse electricity sources and carbon capture technologies, optimizing them to minimize the levelized cost of methanol (LCOM). The impact of the EU Emissions Trading System and FuelEU Maritime Regulation on the greenhouse gas emissions costs of conventional fuels is also assessed to evaluate the economic competitiveness of green methanol. Additionally, we forecast future LCOM changing trends based on technology trends and regulation restrictions. Results indicate that the produced green methanol can fully meet the EU regulations for renewable fuels. Furthermore, it has the potential to become cost-competitive with conventional fuels after 2030 and is expected to be uniformly less expensive by 2035. For different stakeholders, we present a series of technical and policy recommendations.

Identifiers

PMID40595547
PMCPMC12215925

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.