ArticleNature biomedical engineering2025
Bioengineered immunocompetent preclinical trial-on-chip tool enables screening of CAR T cell therapy for leukaemia.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Leveraging Microphysiological Systems to Facilitate Neutrophil-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Stem cell-based regenerative therapies for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: mechanistic insights, clinical evidence, and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- An immunocompetent bone marrow-on-a-chip model for studying human hematological malignancies and preclinical therapeutic screening.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticles for bone marrow-targeted RNA therapeutics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Machine Learning-Assisted Rapid Optical Imaging for Label-Free CAR T-Cell Detection in Whole Blood.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Quantifying the Dual Effect of Antitumor and Pro-Tumor Human Neutrophils on Natural Killer Cell Behaviors in a Microphysiological System.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Microfluidics for cell therapy and manufacturing in oncology and regenerative medicine.Lab on a chip · 2026Review
- Engineering macrophages for cancer immunotherapy: emerging insights and therapeutic potential.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Advances in ligand-targeted nanodelivery systems for leukemia therapy: from single- to dual-ligand strategies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- 3DACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells for Solid Tumors: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Frontiers in Immunotherapy.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Microfluidic chips for decoding cancer-immune crosstalk in immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Organoid: a promising solution to current challenges in cancer immunotherapy.npj biomedical innovations · 2025Review
- Piezo1-mediated mechano-energetics regulate CAR T cell function.Research square · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy is promising for treatment of blood cancers; however, clinical benefits remain unpredictable, necessitating development of optimal CAR T cell products. Unfortunately, current preclinical evaluation platforms are inadequate owing to their limited physiological relevance to humans. Here we engineer an organotypic immunocompetent chip that recapitulates microarchitectural and pathophysiological characteristics of human leukaemia bone marrow stromal and immune niches for CAR T cell therapy modelling. This leukaemia chip empowers real-time spatiotemporal monitoring of CAR T cell functionality, including T cell extravasation, recognition of leukaemia, immune activation, cytotoxicity and killing. We use our chip to model clinically observed heterogeneous responses such as remission, resistance and relapse under CAR T cell therapy and map factors that drive therapeutic success or failure. Finally, we demarcate functional performance of CAR T cells produced from different healthy donors and patients with cancer, with various CAR designs and protocols, systematically and multidimensionally. Together, our chip introduces an enabling '(pre-)clinical-trial-on-chip' tool for CAR T cell development, which may translate to personalized therapies and improved clinical decision-making.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.