Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40595370›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Design of TI-TMS system for deep brain stimulation with higher focus in neural modulation.

Yanqing Zhang, Tingyu Wang, Chao Cui, Guizhi Xu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yanqing ZhangSchool of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
Tingyu WangSchool of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
Chao CuiSchool of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
Guizhi XuSchool of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China. gzxu@hebut.edu.cn.

Funding

the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC2402203the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52320105008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate neurons in the brain and has been widely applied in the field of clinical neuromodulation. However, traditional TMS has limitations in terms of focality and stimulation depth, making it unable to achieve precise modulation of deep brain regions. As the stimulation depth increases, the focal area expands, potentially stimulating nontarget regions and causing negative side effects. Moreover, strongly induced electric fields can lead to adverse effects such as seizures. Temporal interference transcranial magnetic stimulation (TI-TMS) is a novel noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has considerable potential for reducing the focal area and increasing the stimulation depth. To study the mechanisms and effects of TI-TMS, this research first established a TI-TMS simulation platform based on a five-layer spherical model. This paper designed a double curved-elliptical coil structure, increasing the stimulation depth of the TI-TMS to 5.02 cm while reducing the focal area to 18.61 cm

Indexed as

BrainDeep Brain StimulationTranscranial Magnetic StimulationEquipment DesignHumansNeuronsDouble curved-elliptical coilsTemporal interferenceTemporal interference transcranial magnetic stimulation systemTranscranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID40595370
PMCPMC12216615

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.