ArticleScientific reports2025
Classification and analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables in fluoride monitoring data collected from animal feed products.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluorides are substances that can occur in animal feed and considered undesirable for their subacute toxicity. Restrictions were therefore established by current European laws, with different maximum levels according to matrices, and monitoring of animal feed started in EU since 2018. In this study a dataset of 299 fluoride determinations carried out in Italy in the 2018-2023 was analyzed by mean of advanced descriptive statistics. The activities were done referring to two quantitative and two qualitative variables classified in decreasing order with respect to the information level and according to an international standard: fluoride content, year, region of provenance and matrix subtype. A set of multi-way tables - designed around fluoride values above the limit of quantification (LOQ) - highlighted that 90% of the samples are free of fluorides. A constant decrease in number of samples containing fluoride was detected over the years, without samples exceeding the regulation limits. Powdered phosphates, raw materials and mineral raw materials were the matrices with the highest content of fluoride.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.