Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40594955›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Construction and validation of the prosocial adolescent risk-taking questionnaire (PAR-Q).

Rebecca van Rijn, Paul A M van Lange, Lydia Krabbendam, Barbara R Braams

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rebecca van RijnSection of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.van.rijn@vu.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6207-9525
Paul A M van LangeDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-6984
Lydia KrabbendamSection of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-5959
Barbara R BraamsSection of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-5149

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While negative risk-taking behavior in adolescents is a classic topic, extant research has long spent little attention to the positive aspects of adolescents' development. One topic that started to gain more research focus is prosocial risk-taking behavior-defined as behavior where an individual takes a risk to help someone else. However, validated measures are still limitedly available. The goal of the study is to construct and validate a multifaceted measure to assess prosocial risk-taking in adolescents. A sample of 234 Dutch adolescents (149 girls) aged 14-17 filled in the unvalidated prosocial adolescent risk-taking questionnaire (PAR-Q) to perform iterative exploratory factor analyses to indicate initial factor structure. A separate data sample of 357 Dutch adolescents (208 girls) aged 14-17 filled in the PAR-Q to confirm this factor structure with iterative confirmatory factor analyses and additional questionnaires for convergent validity. In this sample, also test-retest reliability was assessed. The final two-factor structure, which represented Social and Material prosocial risk subscales, exhibited acceptable internal consistency and excellent test-retest reliability. The PAR-Q correlated positively with prosocial behaviors and empathy. The PAR-Q is a newly validated measure with adequate psychometric properties that can be used to gain more information on prosocial risk-taking behavior in adolescents.

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorRisk-TakingAdolescentEmpathyFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMalePsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSocial BehaviorSurveys and QuestionnairesAdolescenceHelpingProsocial behaviorProsocial risk-takingRisk-takingScale construction

Identifiers

PMID40594955
PMCPMC12214629

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.