Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40594718›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Moral judgments in online discourse are not biased by gender.

Lorenzo Betti, Paolo Bajardi, Gianmarco De Francisci Morales

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Lorenzo BettiISI Foundation, 10126, Turin, Italy. lrn.betti@gmail.com.
Paolo BajardiCENTAI, 10138, Turin, Italy.
Gianmarco De Francisci MoralesCENTAI, 10138, Turin, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The interaction between social norms and gender roles prescribes gender-specific behaviors that influence moral judgments. While previous work has demonstrated the existence of gender-bias in judgments, these studies are mainly based on controlled experiments that may not reflect real-world decision-making processes. Here, we study how moral judgments are biased by the self-disclosed gender of the protagonist of a story. Using data from /r/AITA, a Reddit community with 17 million members who share first-hand experiences seeking community judgment on their behavior, we employ machine learning techniques to match stories describing similar situations that differ only by the protagonist's gender. We find no direct causal effect of the protagonist's self-disclosed gender on the received moral judgments, except for stories about "friendship and relationships", where male protagonists receive more negative judgments. Our findings complement existing correlational studies and suggest that gender roles may exert greater influence in specific social contexts. These results have implications for understanding sociological constructs and highlight potential biases in data used to train large language models.

Indexed as

Gender RoleJudgmentMoralsSocial MediaAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsChildFemaleHumansLarge Language ModelsMaleMiddle AgedSelf DisclosureGenderMoral judgmentRedditSocial norms

Identifiers

PMID40594718
PMCPMC12219380

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.