Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40594629›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

The SRG rat as a novel host for an orthotopic patient-derived xenograft model of breast cancer brain metastasis.

Niveen Fulcher, Hien Nguyen, Andrew Deweyert, Mila Uzelac, Maryam Mozaffari, Qi Zhang, John A Ronald, John J Kelly, Ying Xia, Timothy J Scholl and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Niveen FulcherDepartment of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
Hien NguyenDepartment of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
Andrew DeweyertDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Mila UzelacDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Maryam MozaffariDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Qi ZhangDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
John A RonaldDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
John J KellyDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Ying XiaDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Timothy J SchollDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Fallon K NotoHera Biolabs, Lexington, KY, USA.
Diane BegemannHera Biolabs, Lexington, KY, USA.
Michael J SchlosserHera Biolabs, Lexington, KY, USA.
Susanne SchmidDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Matthew O HebbDepartment of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada. mhebb@uwo.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are essential for understanding the pathophysiology and developing treatment strategies for breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). While immunodeficient mouse models allow for human BCBM growth, their small size limits host survival, neurological imaging and therapeutic interventions. This study evaluated the immunodeficient SRG rat (Sprague Dawley Rag2-/-; Il2rg-/-) as a new intermediate-sized host for orthotopic modeling of human BCBM. The primary goal was to determine if the SRG rat brain presents a hospitable environment for orthotopic growth of patient BCBM cells. A secondary goal was to compare phenotypes of the patient and xenografted tumors. Adult SRG rats received stereotactic intracerebral implants of 1 million engineered patient BCBM cells. Bioluminesence imaging (BLI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided metabolic and anatomic monitoring of tumor growth. Post-mortem histological analysis compared biomarker profiles in original patient and xenograft tumors. Orthotopic patient-derived BCBM tumors progressed in all SRG rats within 5 weeks post-implantation. BLI radiance increased 125-fold over the study period. MRI revealed tumor-induced brain edema and both patient and xenograft BCBMs exhibited pronounced vascularity and gadolinium enhancement. Histopathology confirmed that xenograft tumors maintained high proliferation indices and biomarker expression consistent with the parent tumor. The SRG rat provided a reliable intermediate-sized host for orthotopic growth of patient-derived BCBM xenografts, offering advantages over existing models for studying tumor behavior and therapeutic responses.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsBreast NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHeterograftsHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyXenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Identifiers

PMID40594629
PMCPMC12216210

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.