ArticleScientific reports2025
Optimized spray-drying of zinc sulfate-loaded liposomes: physicochemical characterization and in vitro release assessment.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zinc, a vital trace element plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, faces challenges in bioavailability due to dietary and pharmaceutical interactions. To enhance its delivery and stability, this study formulated spray-dried zinc sulfate-loaded liposomes using Maltodextrin as a stabilizing agent. Zinc-loaded liposomes were prepared via the thin-film hydration method and spray-dried under optimized conditions. The spray-dried liposomes exhibited a mean particle size of 18.35 ± 7.42 μm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.32 ± 0.18, indicating size uniformity. A notably high encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 88.24 ± 0.98% was achieved, demonstrating effective zinc entrapment. Thermal stability analysis revealed significant improvement, with TGA confirming enhanced structural integrity. XRD and FTIR analyses indicated successful encapsulation and interaction between zinc sulfate and phospholipids, while in vitro release studies showed sustained zinc release, with 94.98% cumulative release over 12 h compared with the rapid dissolution of free zinc sulfate. Stability tests over 90 days highlighted minimal changes in particle size (Δ = 0.22 μm) and EE% (Δ = 0.13%) under ambient storage conditions. These findings demonstrated the potential of spray-dried liposomes as an effective delivery system for zinc sulfate, offering enhanced stability and controlled release for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.