Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40594564›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Ecosystem metabolism and nitrogen budget of a glacial Fjord in the Arctic.

Pedro Duarte, Laura Castro de la Guardia, Philipp Assmy, Anette Wold, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Allison Bailey, Andrew Hodson, Andreas Alexander, Catarina Magalhães and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Pedro DuarteNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway. pedro.duarte@npolar.no.
Laura Castro de la GuardiaNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway.
Philipp AssmyNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway.
Anette WoldNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway.
Agneta FranssonNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway.
Melissa ChiericiInstitute of Marine Research, Tromsø, 9007, Norway.
Allison BaileyNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway.
Andrew HodsonUniversity Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway.
Andreas AlexanderNorwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo, 0301, Norway.
Catarina MagalhãesInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Porto, 4450-208, Portugal.
Geir Wing GabrielsenNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway.
Jon AlbretsenInstitute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, Bergen, 5817, Norway.
Lukas FrankUniversity Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway.
Sarat Chandra TripathyNational Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403804, India.
Carlos SmerdouFaculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
Francisco J L GordilloFaculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
Pablo CobosFaculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
David VelázquezDept. of Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Peter ConveyBritish Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, UK.
Francesco De RovereDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy.
Haakon HopNorwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fjords in the Arctic are changing rapidly due to multiple factors including increasing air temperatures, the influx of Atlantic Water (Atlantification), sea-ice loss, retreat of tidewater glaciers, increased freshwater discharges, pollution and tourism. Understanding how these changes affect ecosystem processes and functions and, thus, services to society is critical. Net Ecosystem Metabolism (NEM) offers a holistic measure of ecosystem functioning and services, reflecting the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic processes and the sink/source role of an ecosystem for nutrients and carbon. Using a 10-year dataset we quantify the main nutrient sources and sinks in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) and estimate NEM using a method based on mixing diagrams combined with an ocean circulation model. We show that Kongsfjorden is a nutrient and carbon sink primarily supported by nutrient inputs from the adjacent shelf sea with terrestrial run-off playing a secondary role. Given the ongoing changes in the Arctic, driven by global warming and its associated effects, we recommend monitoring NEM as an integrated measure of the state of coastal ecosystems, considering the disproportionately large role of coastal regions in the global carbon budget.

Indexed as

Freshwater endmembersGlacial fjordKongsfjordenMarine endmembersNet ecosystem metabolismNutrient sink/source

Identifiers

PMID40594564
PMCPMC12215447

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.