Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40593649›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Enhancing biolistic plant transformation and genome editing with a flow guiding barrel.

Connor Thorpe, Weifeng Luo, Qing Ji, Alan L Eggenberger, Aline S Chicowski, Weihui Xu, Ritinder Sandhu, Keunsub Lee, Steven A Whitham, Yiping Qi and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Establishment and comparative analysis ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Connor ThorpeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Weifeng LuoDepartment of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Qing JiCrop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Alan L EggenbergerDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-046X
Aline S ChicowskiDepartment of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Weihui XuDepartment of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Ritinder SandhuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Keunsub LeeCrop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-2475
Steven A WhithamCrop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-3188
Yiping QiDepartment of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. yiping@umd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-6706
Kan WangCrop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. kanwang@iastate.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-5800
Shan JiangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. sjiang1@iastate.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-9012

Funding

NSF | BIO | Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI) IOS-2132693United States Department of Agriculture | Agricultural Research Service (USDA Agricultural Research Service) 2019-67013-29016United States Department of Agriculture | Agricultural Research Service (USDA Agricultural Research Service) IOW04308United States Department of Agriculture | Agricultural Research Service (USDA Agricultural Research Service) IOW04714
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The biolistic delivery system is an essential tool in plant genetic engineering, capable of delivering DNAs, RNAs, and proteins independent of tissue type, genotype, or species. However, its efficiency and consistency remain longstanding challenges despite decades of widespread use. Here, through advanced simulations, we identify gas and particle flow barriers as the root cause of these limitations. We show that a flow guiding barrel (FGB) achieves a 22-fold enhancement in transient transfection efficiency, a 4.5-fold increase in CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein editing efficiency in onion epidermis, and a 17-fold improvement in viral infection efficiency in maize seedlings. Furthermore, stable transformation frequency in maize using B104 immature embryos increases over 10-fold, while in planta CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated genome editing efficiency in wheat meristems doubles in both T0 and T1 generations. This study provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying biolistic inefficiency and demonstrates a practical solution that enables broader and more reliable applications in plant genetic engineering.

Indexed as

BiolisticsGene EditingTransformation, GeneticCRISPR-Cas SystemsGenetic EngineeringGenome, PlantOnionsPlants, Genetically ModifiedSeedlingsTriticumZea mays

Identifiers

PMID40593649
PMCPMC12216195

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.