Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40593636›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

RiNALMo: general-purpose RNA language models can generalize well on structure prediction tasks.

Rafael Josip Penić, Tin Vlašić, Roland G Huber, Yue Wan, Mile Šikić

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Accurate RNA-Ligand Binding Site Prediction Based on a Multi-Channel Graph Neural Network.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2026
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  14. Machine Learning for CRISPR-Based Diagnostics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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  20. Review

4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rafael Josip PenićFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Tin VlašićGenome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-5272
Roland G HuberBioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-5988
Yue WanGenome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-9637
Mile ŠikićFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. mile_sikic@gis.a-star.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8370-0891

Funding

Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) I23D1AG079National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore) NRF-CRP27-2021RS-0001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While RNA has recently been recognized as an interesting small-molecule drug target, many challenges remain to be addressed before we take full advantage of it. This emphasizes the necessity to improve our understanding of its structures and functions. Over the years, sequencing technologies have produced an enormous amount of unlabeled RNA data, which hides a huge potential. Motivated by the successes of protein language models, we introduce RiboNucleic Acid Language Model (RiNALMo) to unveil the hidden code of RNA. RiNALMo is the largest RNA language model to date, with 650M parameters pre-trained on 36M non-coding RNA sequences from several databases. It can extract hidden knowledge and capture the underlying structure information implicitly embedded within the RNA sequences. RiNALMo achieves state-of-the-art results on several downstream tasks. Notably, we show that its generalization capabilities overcome the inability of other deep learning methods for secondary structure prediction to generalize on unseen RNA families.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyRNADeep LearningNucleic Acid ConformationRNA, UntranslatedSequence Analysis, RNASoftwareRNARNA, Untranslated

Identifiers

PMID40593636
PMCPMC12219582

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.