ArticleJournal of nephrology2025
Impact of sodium bicarbonate locking solution on catheter-related blood stream infection in hemodialysis patients: comparative effectiveness of three locks.
Article in Journal of nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical Characteristics and Microbiology of Bloodstream Infections in Hemodialysis-Dependent Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study from Five Hemodialysis Centers in Saudi Arabia.Avicenna journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Sodium bicarbonate combined with urokinase for the prevention and management of hemodialysis central venous catheter dysfunction.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe primary challenge for hemodialysis (HD) patients using permanent tunneled cuffed catheters is to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections. This study assessed the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections and compared its efficacy to antibiotic-containing locks. DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND
methodsWe conducted a prospective single-center, open-label, cohort study over 30 months with the aim to compare three cohorts: cohort I employed 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution lock, cohort II employed 0.5 mg/ml gentamicin/acid citrate dextrose solution lock, and cohort III employed unfractionated conventional heparin 5000 U/ml solution lock. The primary endpoint was the first episode of catheter-related bloodstream infection, while the secondary endpoint was catheter loss due to catheter-related bloodstream infection.
resultsThis study involved 204 HD patients with permanent tunneled cuffed central venous catheters (CVCs). A total of 58 cases of catheter-related bloodstream infection were documented. In the sodium bicarbonate-lock cohort, infection occurred in 17.24%, in the gentamicin/acid citrate-lock cohort in 36.21%, and in the heparin-lock cohort in 46.55%. Patients with sodium bicarbonate and gentamicin/acid citrate locks exhibited a statistically significant lower risk of developing infections (0.4/1000 catheter days and 0.7/1000 catheter days, respectively) compared to patients with heparin-lock (1.4/1000 catheter days). Patients with heparin lock faced a higher risk of losing a catheter due to infection compared to those with gentamicin/acid citrate lock and sodium bicarbonate-lock (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.09-1.46], P = 0.001) and (HR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.01-1.19], P = 0.024).
conclusionThe sodium bicarbonate locking solution demonstrated an infection-free catheter survival comparable to that of the gentamicin citrate solution and significantly decreased catheter-related bloodstream infection compared to heparin locks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40593382What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.