Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40593062›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Evaluating the distribution and clustering of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dogs across the United States of America.

Chi Chen, Mohammed Nooruzzaman, Csaba Varga, Akhila Naru, Hannah Rose Cohen, Mara S Varvil, Nicolas Hernandez, Diego G Diel, Ying Fang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chi Chen *Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Mohammed Nooruzzaman *Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Csaba VargaDepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. cvarga@illinois.edu.
Akhila NaruDepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Hannah Rose CohenVeterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Mara S VarvilVeterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Nicolas HernandezDepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Diego G DielDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. dgdiel@cornell.edu.
Ying FangDepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. yingf@illinois.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in various animal species, including dogs. While human-to-animal transmission has been documented, the extent and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in dogs across the United States of America (USA) remain unclear. To address this need, we investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dogs in the USA and scanned for spatial and temporal clusters of high seroprevalence. Serum samples from 953 dogs from 37 states were screened by serological assays, and 58 (6.09%) samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The lowest seropositivity was detected in the third quarter of 2021 (1.16%), while the highest was in the third and fourth quarters of 2024 (23.26%). Maps visualized the distribution of seroprevalence, and the Pacific Northwest and Florida had high seroprevalence, while the Northeast and Midwest USA had low seroprevalence. Two significant space-time clusters were identified. The primary cluster in areas in the state of Washington in October 2024, and the secondary cluster in Florida in March 2022. These findings highlight the importance of surveillance to understand SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in companion animals and its implications for public health.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19Dog DiseasesSARS-CoV-2AnimalsCluster AnalysisDogsFemaleHumansSeroepidemiologic StudiesUnited StatesAntibodies, ViralClusteringDogsSARS-CoV-2Seroepidemiologic studies

Identifiers

PMID40593062
PMCPMC12217640

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.